Bootstrap 表單

在本章中，我們將學(xué)習(xí)如何使用 Bootstrap 創(chuàng)建表單。Bootstrap 通過一些簡單的 HTML 標(biāo)簽和擴展的類即可創(chuàng)建出不同樣式的表單。

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表單布局

Bootstrap 提供了下列類型的表單布局：

垂直表單（默認(rèn)）
內(nèi)聯(lián)表單
水平表單

垂直或基本表單

基本的表單結(jié)構(gòu)是 Bootstrap 自帶的，個別的表單控件自動接收一些全局樣式。下面列出了創(chuàng)建基本表單的步驟：

向父
元素添加 role="form"。
把標(biāo)簽和控件放在一個帶有 class .form-group 的
中。這是獲取最佳間距所必需的。
向所有的文本元素、和 <select> 添加 class ="form-control" 。</li></ul><h2>實例</h2>< form role = " form " > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " name " > 名稱 </ label > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " id = " name " placeholder = " 請輸入名稱 " > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " inputfile " > 文件輸入 </ label > < input type = " file " id = " inputfile " > < p class = " help-block " > 這里是塊級幫助文本的實例。 </ p > </ div > < div class = " checkbox " > < label > < input type = " checkbox " > 請打勾 </ label > </ div > < button type = " submit " class = " btn btn-default " > 提交 </ button > </ form > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示：<h3>內(nèi)聯(lián)表單</h3>如果需要創(chuàng)建一個表單，它的所有元素是內(nèi)聯(lián)的，向左對齊的，標(biāo)簽是并排的，請向 <form> 標(biāo)簽添加 class .form-inline。<h2>實例</h2>< form class = " form-inline " role = " form " > < div class = " form-group " > < label class = " sr-only " for = " name " > 名稱 </ label > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " id = " name " placeholder = " 請輸入名稱 " > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < label class = " sr-only " for = " inputfile " > 文件輸入 </ label > < input type = " file " id = " inputfile " > </ div > < div class = " checkbox " > < label > < input type = " checkbox " > 請打勾 </ label > </ div > < button type = " submit " class = " btn btn-default " > 提交 </ button > </ form > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示：<ul><li>默認(rèn)情況下，Bootstrap 中的 input、select 和 textarea 有 100% 寬度。在使用內(nèi)聯(lián)表單時，您需要在表單控件上設(shè)置一個寬度。</li><li>使用 class .sr-only，您可以隱藏內(nèi)聯(lián)表單的標(biāo)簽。</li></ul><h3>水平表單</h3>水平表單與其他表單不僅標(biāo)記的數(shù)量上不同，而且表單的呈現(xiàn)形式也不同。如需創(chuàng)建一個水平布局的表單，請按下面的幾個步驟進(jìn)行：<ul><li>向父 <form> 元素添加 class .form-horizontal。</li><li>把標(biāo)簽和控件放在一個帶有 class .form-group 的 <div> 中。</li><li>向標(biāo)簽添加 class .control-label。</li></ul><h2>實例</h2>< form class = " form-horizontal " role = " form " > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " firstname " class = " col-sm-2 control-label " > 名字 </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " id = " firstname " placeholder = " 請輸入名字 " > </ div > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " lastname " class = " col-sm-2 control-label " > 姓 </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " id = " lastname " placeholder = " 請輸入姓 " > </ div > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < div class = " col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10 " > < div class = " checkbox " > < label > < input type = " checkbox " > 請記住我 </ label > </ div > </ div > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < div class = " col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10 " > < button type = " submit " class = " btn btn-default " > 登錄 </ button > </ div > </ div > </ form > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示： <h2>支持的表單控件</h2>Bootstrap 支持最常見的表單控件，主要是 input、textarea、checkbox、radio 和 select。<h3>輸入框（Input）</h3>最常見的表單文本字段是輸入框 input。用戶可以在其中輸入大多數(shù)必要的表單數(shù)據(jù)。Bootstrap 提供了對所有原生的 HTML5 的 input 類型的支持，包括：text、password、datetime、datetime-local、date、month、time、week、number、email、url、search、tel 和 color。適當(dāng)?shù)?type 聲明是必需的，這樣才能讓 input 獲得完整的樣式。<h2>實例</h2>< form role = " form " > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " name " > 標(biāo)簽 </ label > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " placeholder = " 文本輸入 " > </ div > </ form > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示：<h3>文本框（Textarea）</h3>當(dāng)您需要進(jìn)行多行輸入的時，則可以使用文本框 textarea。必要時可以改變 rows 屬性（較少的行 = 較小的盒子，較多的行 = 較大的盒子）。<h2>實例</h2>< form role = " form " > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " name " > 文本框 </ label > < textarea class = " form-control " rows = " 3 " > </ textarea > </ div > </ form > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示：<h3>復(fù)選框（Checkbox）和單選框（Radio）</h3>復(fù)選框和單選按鈕用于讓用戶從一系列預(yù)設(shè)置的選項中進(jìn)行選擇。<ul><li>當(dāng)創(chuàng)建表單時，如果您想讓用戶從列表中選擇若干個選項時，請使用 checkbox。如果您限制用戶只能選擇一個選項，請使用 radio。</li><li>對一系列復(fù)選框和單選框使用 .checkbox-inline 或 .radio-inline class，控制它們顯示在同一行上。</li></ul>下面的實例演示了這兩種類型（默認(rèn)和內(nèi)聯(lián)）：<h2>實例</h2>< label for = " name " > 默認(rèn)的復(fù)選框和單選按鈕的實例 </ label > < div class = " checkbox " > < label > < input type = " checkbox " value = " " > 選項 1 </ label > </ div > < div class = " checkbox " > < label > < input type = " checkbox " value = " " > 選項 2 </ label > </ div > < div class = " radio " > < label > < input type = " radio " name = " optionsRadios " id = " optionsRadios1 " value = " option1 " checked > 選項 1 </ label > </ div > < div class = " radio " > < label > < input type = " radio " name = " optionsRadios " id = " optionsRadios2 " value = " option2 " > 選項 2 - 選擇它將會取消選擇選項 1 </ label > </ div > < label for = " name " > 內(nèi)聯(lián)的復(fù)選框和單選按鈕的實例 </ label > < div > < label class = " checkbox-inline " > < input type = " checkbox " id = " inlineCheckbox1 " value = " option1 " > 選項 1 </ label > < label class = " checkbox-inline " > < input type = " checkbox " id = " inlineCheckbox2 " value = " option2 " > 選項 2 </ label > < label class = " checkbox-inline " > < input type = " checkbox " id = " inlineCheckbox3 " value = " option3 " > 選項 3 </ label > < label class = " radio-inline " > < input type = " radio " name = " optionsRadiosinline " id = " optionsRadios3 " value = " option1 " checked > 選項 1 </ label > < label class = " radio-inline " > < input type = " radio " name = " optionsRadiosinline " id = " optionsRadios4 " value = " option2 " > 選項 2 </ label > </ div > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示：<h3>選擇框（Select）</h3>當(dāng)您想讓用戶從多個選項中進(jìn)行選擇，但是默認(rèn)情況下只能選擇一個選項時，則使用選擇框。<ul><li>使用 <select> 展示列表選項，通常是那些用戶很熟悉的選擇列表，比如州或者數(shù)字。</li><li>使用 multiple="multiple" 允許用戶選擇多個選項。</li></ul>下面的實例演示了這兩種類型（select 和 multiple）：<h2>實例</h2>< form role = " form " > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " name " > 選擇列表 </ label > < select class = " form-control " > < option > 1 </ option > < option > 2 </ option > < option > 3 </ option > < option > 4 </ option > < option > 5 </ option > </ select > < label for = " name " > 可多選的選擇列表 </ label > < select multiple class = " form-control " > < option > 1 </ option > < option > 2 </ option > < option > 3 </ option > < option > 4 </ option > < option > 5 </ option > </ select > </ div > </ form > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示： <h2>靜態(tài)控件</h2>當(dāng)您需要在一個水平表單內(nèi)的表單標(biāo)簽后放置純文本時，請在 上使用 class .form-control-static。<h2>實例</h2>< form class = " form-horizontal " role = " form " > < div class = " form-group " > < label class = " col-sm-2 control-label " > Email </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < p class = " form-control-static " > email@example.com </ p > </ div > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " inputPassword " class = " col-sm-2 control-label " > 密碼 </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < input type = " password " class = " form-control " id = " inputPassword " placeholder = " 請輸入密碼 " > </ div > </ div > </ form > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示： <h2>表單控件狀態(tài)</h2>除了 :focus 狀態(tài)（即，用戶點擊 input 或使用 tab 鍵聚焦到 input 上），Bootstrap 還為禁用的輸入框定義了樣式，并提供了表單驗證的 class。<h3>輸入框焦點</h3>當(dāng)輸入框 input 接收到 :focus 時，輸入框的輪廓會被移除，同時應(yīng)用 box-shadow。<h3>禁用的輸入框 input</h3>如果您想要禁用一個輸入框 input，只需要簡單地添加 disabled 屬性，這不僅會禁用輸入框，還會改變輸入框的樣式以及當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)的指針懸停在元素上時鼠標(biāo)指針的樣式。<h3>禁用的字段集 fieldset</h3>對 <fieldset> 添加 disabled 屬性來禁用 <fieldset> 內(nèi)的所有控件。<h3>驗證狀態(tài)</h3>Bootstrap 包含了錯誤、警告和成功消息的驗證樣式。只需要對父元素簡單地添加適當(dāng)?shù)?class（.has-warning、 .has-error 或 .has-success）即可使用驗證狀態(tài)。下面的實例演示了所有控件狀態(tài)：<h2>實例</h2>< form class = " form-horizontal " role = " form " > < div class = " form-group " > < label class = " col-sm-2 control-label " > 聚焦 </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < input class = " form-control " id = " focusedInput " type = " text " value = " 該輸入框獲得焦點... " > </ div > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " inputPassword " class = " col-sm-2 control-label " > 禁用 </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < input class = " form-control " id = " disabledInput " type = " text " placeholder = " 該輸入框禁止輸入... " disabled > </ div > </ div > < fieldset disabled > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " disabledTextInput " class = " col-sm-2 control-label " > 禁用輸入（Fieldset disabled） </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < input type = " text " id = " disabledTextInput " class = " form-control " placeholder = " 禁止輸入 " > </ div > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < label for = " disabledSelect " class = " col-sm-2 control-label " > 禁用選擇菜單（Fieldset disabled） </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < select id = " disabledSelect " class = " form-control " > < option > 禁止選擇 </ option > </ select > </ div > </ div > </ fieldset > < div class = " form-group has-success " > < label class = " col-sm-2 control-label " for = " inputSuccess " > 輸入成功 </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " id = " inputSuccess " > </ div > </ div > < div class = " form-group has-warning " > < label class = " col-sm-2 control-label " for = " inputWarning " > 輸入警告 </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " id = " inputWarning " > </ div > </ div > < div class = " form-group has-error " > < label class = " col-sm-2 control-label " for = " inputError " > 輸入錯誤 </ label > < div class = " col-sm-10 " > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " id = " inputError " > </ div > </ div > </ form > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示： <h2>表單控件大小</h2>您可以分別使用 class .input-lg 和 .col-lg-* 來設(shè)置表單的高度和寬度。下面的實例演示了這點：<h2>實例</h2>< form role = " form " > < div class = " form-group " > < input class = " form-control input-lg " type = " text " placeholder = " .input-lg " > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < input class = " form-control " type = " text " placeholder = " 默認(rèn)輸入 " > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < input class = " form-control input-sm " type = " text " placeholder = " .input-sm " > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < select class = " form-control input-lg " > < option value = " " > .input-lg </ option > </ select > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < select class = " form-control " > < option value = " " > 默認(rèn)選擇 </ option > </ select > </ div > < div class = " form-group " > < select class = " form-control input-sm " > < option value = " " > .input-sm </ option > </ select > </ div > < div class = " row " > < div class = " col-lg-2 " > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " placeholder = " .col-lg-2 " > </ div > < div class = " col-lg-3 " > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " placeholder = " .col-lg-3 " > </ div > < div class = " col-lg-4 " > < input type = " text " class = " form-control " placeholder = " .col-lg-4 " > </ div > </ div > </ form > 嘗試一下 ?結(jié)果如下所示： <h2>表單幫助文本</h2>Bootstrap 表單控件可以在輸入框 input 上有一個塊級幫助文本。為了添加一個占用整個寬度的內(nèi)容塊，請在 <input> 后使用 .help-block。下面的實例演示了這點：<h2>實例</h2>< form role = " form " > < span > 幫助文本實例 </ < 本文名稱：創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)Bootstrap教程：Bootstrap 表單 地址分享：<a 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