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python 線程與進(jìn)程
線程是操作系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行運(yùn)算調(diào)度的最小單位。它被包含在進(jìn)程之中,是進(jìn)程中的實(shí)際運(yùn)作單位。一條線程指的是進(jìn)程中一個(gè)單一順序的控制流,一個(gè)進(jìn)程中可以并發(fā)多個(gè)線程,每條線程并行執(zhí)行不同的任務(wù)。
使用 threading 模塊
方法一:
import threading
import time
def foo(n):
print('foo %s'%n)
time.sleep(1)
print('end foo')
def bar(n):
print('bar %s'%n)
time.sleep(2)
print('end bar')
t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo, args=(1,))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=bar, args=(2,))
t1.start()
t2.start()
print('........in the main..........')運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
foo 1 bar 2 ........in the main.......... end foo end bar
方法二:
import time, threading
class MyThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, num):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.num = num
def run(self): #定義線程要運(yùn)行的函數(shù)
print("running on number:%s" % self.num)
time.sleep(3)
if __name__ == '__main__':
t1 = MyThread(1)
t2 = MyThread(2)
t1.start()
t2.start()運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
running on number:1 running on number:2
join 方法使得主線程等待子線程完成才繼續(xù)
import threading
import time
begin = time.time()
def foo(n):
print('foo %s'%n)
time.sleep(1)
print('end foo')
def bar(n):
print('bar %s'%n)
time.sleep(2)
print('end bar')
t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo, args=(1,))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=bar, args=(2,))
t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
print('........in the main..........')運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
foo 1 bar 2 end foo end bar ........in the main..........
相關(guān)推薦:《Python視頻教程》
在計(jì)算密集型任務(wù)中串行與多線程進(jìn)行對比
import threading, time begin = time.time() def add(n): sum = 0 for i in range(n): sum += i print(sum) add(100000000) add(200000000) end = time.time() print(end-begin)
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
4999999950000000 19999999900000000 17.66856598854065
import threading, time begin = time.time() def add(n): sum = 0 for i in range(n): sum += i print(sum) t1 = threading.Thread(target=add, args=(100000000,)) t1.start() t2 = threading.Thread(target=add, args=(200000000,)) t2.start() t1.join() t2.join() end = time.time() print(end-begin)
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
4999999950000000 19999999900000000 21.088160276412964 # 結(jié)果為串行運(yùn)行比多線程運(yùn)行更快
Cpython 中有 GIL (Global Interpreter Lock,全局解釋器鎖),所以在同一時(shí)刻,只能有一個(gè)線程進(jìn)入調(diào)度。如果任務(wù)是IO密集型的,可以使用多線程;如果任務(wù)是計(jì)算密集型的,最優(yōu)方法是改成 C。
setDaemon()
調(diào)用該方法只要是主線程完成,不管子線程是否完成都要和主線程一起退出。
threading.currentThread()
返回當(dāng)前的線程變量。
threading.active_count()
返回正在運(yùn)行的線程數(shù)量。
import threading, time
from time import ctime,sleep
def music(func):
print(threading.current_thread())
for i in range(2):
print("Begin listening to %s. %s" %(func, ctime()))
sleep(2)
print("end listening %s" %ctime())
def movie(func):
print(threading.current_thread())
for i in range(2):
print("Begin watching at the %s %s" %{func, ctime()})
sleep(4)
print("end watching %s" %ctime())
threads = []
t1 = threading.Thread(target=music, args=('klvchen',))
threads.append(t1)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=movie, args=('lili',))
threads.append(t2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
for t in threads:
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
print(threading.current_thread())
print(threading.active_count())
print("all over %s" %ctime())運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
Begin listening to klvchen. Wed Jul 11 23:43:51 2018 <_MainThread(MainThread, started 9444)> 3 all over Wed Jul 11 23:43:51 2018
文章標(biāo)題:創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)Python教程:Python之線程與進(jìn)程相關(guān)介紹
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