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SSH單用戶登錄簡介

SSH(Secure Shell)是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，用于在不安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中提供安全的遠(yuǎn)程登錄服務(wù)，SSH協(xié)議是目前最廣泛使用的加密遠(yuǎn)程登錄協(xié)議之一，它可以在不安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中為用戶提供安全的遠(yuǎn)程登錄服務(wù)，SSH協(xié)議的主要特點(diǎn)包括：數(shù)據(jù)加密、身份驗(yàn)證、以及傳輸層安全性。

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實(shí)現(xiàn)限制SSH單用戶登錄的方法

1、修改SSH配置文件

限制SSH單用戶登錄的最直接方法是修改SSH配置文件，通過設(shè)置MaxSessions參數(shù)來限制單個(gè)用戶的會話數(shù)量，當(dāng)達(dá)到最大會話數(shù)時(shí)，新用戶將無法再進(jìn)行SSH登錄。

操作步驟如下：

(1)打開SSH配置文件：

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

(2)在配置文件中找到或添加MaxSessions參數(shù)，設(shè)置其值為所需的最大會話數(shù)，

MaxSessions 10

(3)保存并退出配置文件。

(4)重啟SSH服務(wù)以使更改生效：

sudo systemctl restart sshd

2、使用PAM(Pluggable Authentication Modules)模塊

除了修改SSH配置文件外，還可以使用PAM模塊來限制SSH單用戶登錄，具體操作方法如下：

(1)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的PAM模塊，用于限制單個(gè)用戶的會話數(shù)量，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為limit_user_login.c的文件，內(nèi)容如下：

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include "common-utils.h"
define MAX_USER_SESSIONS 1000000 /* max number of sessions for a single user */
static struct pam_conv conv = NULL; /* callback function */
static int limit_user_login_auth(struct pam_message **msg, void *appdata_ptr) { /* authentication function */}
static int limit_user_login_check(struct pam_message **msg, void *appdata_ptr, void *retval) { /* check function */}*/
/*int limit_user_login_init(struct pam_context *pamctx) { */ /* initialization function *//*return PAM_SUCCESS; *//*}*/ /*int limit_user_login_cleanup(struct pam_context *) { return PAM_SUCCESS; }*/ /*const struct pam_module limit_user_login_module = { */ "limit-user-login", /* name */ "Limit User Login", /* authfn */ limit_user_login_auth, /* checkfn */ limit_user_login_check, /* initfn */ NULL, /* cleanupfn */ NULL, /* preauthfn */ NULL, /* postauthfn */ NULL, /* acctinfofn */ NULL, /* getcredfn */ NULL, /* setcredfn */ NULL, /* opensessionfn */ NULL, /* closesessionfn */ NULL, /* auditsessionfn */ NULL, /* eoffn */ NULL};*/ char *getpassphrase() { return NULL; }/*void gpgme_updateenv() { return; }*/ static void *limiter_thread(void *arg) { /* create semaphore */ sem_t *lock = (sem_t *)arg; /* acquire lock */ sem_wait(lock); /* loop until max session count is reached */ while (current_sessions <= MAX_USER_SESSIONS) { /* sleep for a while to avoid busy waiting */ usleep(1000); /* release lock */ sem_post(lock); } /* delete semaphore */ semctl(lock, 0, IPC_RMID); return NULL;}*/ static void limiter(char *username) { /* create semaphore */ sem_t *lock = (sem_t *)malloc(sizeof(sem_t)); if (!lock) return; sem_init(lock, 0, 1); /* create thread to limit sessions for this user */ pthread_create(&threads[username], NULL, limiter_thread, (void *)lock);}/*static void removelimiter(char *username) { free(threads[username]); threads[username] = NULL; semctl(threads[username], 0, IPC_RMID);}*/ int main() { /* initialize OpenPGP library */ gpgme_init(); gpgme_armor_setcapability(GPGME_ARMOR_CAPABILITY_TEXT | GPGME_ARMOR_CAPABILITY_XML | GPGME_ARMOR_CAPABILITY_JSON | GPGME_ARMOR_CAPABILITY_ASCII); gpgme_editdata().opaque = &opaque; gpgme_editdata().format = GPGME_DATAFORMAT_NEW; gpgme_editdata().trustedkeyops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().sigops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().symkeyops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().preferringkeys = NULL; gpgme_editdata().pinentry = NULL; gpgme_editdata().pinblocking = TRUE; gpgme_editdata().decryptionkeyops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().encryptionkeyops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().signingkeyops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().verifyingkeyops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().compressionops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().untrustedkeyops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().dhkeyops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().ecdhkeyops = NULL; gpgme_editdata().engines = NULL; if (!gpgmetetext()) return 1; /* read private key from file and encrypt it with the user's passphrase */ if (!readkeyfile(privatekey)) return 1; if (!decryptkeywithpassphrase()) return 1; if (!importsecretkey()) return 1; if (!writesigneddata()) return 1; if (!writeencrypteddata()) return 1; if (!writesignedandencrypteddata()) return 1; if (!writeclearsignedandencrypteddata()) return 1; if (!writeasciiarmoredsignedandencrypteddata()) return 1; if (!writexmlarmoredsignedandencrypteddata()) return 1; if (!writejsonarmoredsignedandencrypteddata()) return 1; if (!writeplaintextsignedandencrypteddata()) return 1; if (!writeasciiarmoredsignedonlydata()) return 1; if (!writexmlarmoredsignedonlydata()) return 1; if (!writejsonarmoredsignedonlydata()) return 1; if (!writeplaintextsignedonlydata()) return 1; if (!writeasciiarmoredunsignedonlydata()) return 1; if (!writexmlarmoredunsignedonlydata()) return 1; if (!writejsonarmoredunsignedonlydata()) return 1; if (!writeplaintextunsignedonlydata()) return 1; /* initialize OpenPGP library with custom modules */ gpgme --allow-secret-key-import --enable-large-cache=yes --with-gnutls --with-libassuan --with-libgcrypt --with-libexpat --with-libnettle --with-libssh2 --with-libidn

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