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Web服務(wù)之LNMMP架構(gòu)及動靜分離實現(xiàn)

一、LNMMP

LNMMP環(huán)境是Linux + Nginx + Memcached + MySQL + PhP，即LNMP + memcached。

Memcached 是一個高性能的分布式內(nèi)存對象緩存系統(tǒng)，用于動態(tài)Web應(yīng)用以減輕數(shù)據(jù)庫負(fù)載。它通過在內(nèi)存中緩存數(shù)據(jù)和對象來減少讀取數(shù)據(jù)庫的次數(shù)，從而提供動態(tài)、數(shù)據(jù)庫驅(qū)動網(wǎng)站的速度。Memcached基于一個存儲鍵/值對的hashmap。其守護進程（daemon ）是用C寫的，但是客戶端可以用任何語言來編寫，并通過memcached協(xié)議與守護進程通信。

二、工程拓?fù)?/strong>

三、安裝nginx服務(wù)器

1）部署開發(fā)環(huán)境

# yum -y install "Development tools" "Server Platform Development"

2）解決依賴 pcre-devel  openssl-devel

# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel

3) 設(shè)置用戶

# groupadd -r nginx

# useradd -r -g nginx nginx

4）編譯安裝nginx-1.4.7

# tar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz

# cd nginx-1.4.7

# ./configure --prefix=/usr --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \

--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=\ /var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \

--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \--user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module \

--with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module \

--with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=\ /var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \

--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=\

/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre

# make && make install

5）檢測配置文件語法

# /usr/sbin/nginx -t

6) 提供啟動腳本

# vim  /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

   內(nèi)容如下

# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon

#

# chkconfig:   - 85 15

# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \

#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server

# processname: nginx

# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx

# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"

prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {

   # make required directories

   user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=$[^ ]*$.*/\1/g' -`

   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`

   for opt in $options; do

       if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then

           value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`

           if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then

               # echo "creating" $value

               mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value

           fi

       fi

   done

}

start() {

    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5

    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6

    make_dirs

    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

    retval=$?

    echo

    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile

    return $retval

}

stop() {

    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

    killproc $prog -QUIT

    retval=$?

    echo

    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile

    return $retval

}

restart() {

    configtest || return $?

    stop

    sleep 1

    start

}

reload() {

    configtest || return $?

    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

    killproc $nginx -HUP

    RETVAL=$?

    echo

}

force_reload() {

    restart

}

configtest() {

  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

}

rh_status() {

    status $prog

}

rh_status_q() {

    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1

}

case "$1" in

    start)

        rh_status_q && exit 0

        $1

        ;;

    stop)

        rh_status_q || exit 0

        $1

        ;;

    restart|configtest)

        $1

        ;;

    reload)

        rh_status_q || exit 7

        $1

        ;;

    force-reload)

        force_reload

        ;;

    status)

        rh_status

        ;;

    condrestart|try-restart)

        rh_status_q || exit 0

            ;;

    *)

        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"

        exit 2

esac

7)為服務(wù)腳本賦予執(zhí)行權(quán)限

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

8）添加到系統(tǒng)服務(wù)并開機啟動

# chkconfig --add nginx

# chkconfig nginx on

# chkconfig --list nigx

9) 設(shè)置nginx配置文件的語法高亮

# mkdir ./vim/syntax -pv

# cd  .vim/syntax

# wget http://www.vim.org/scripts/download_script.php?src_id=19394

# cd .vim

# vim filetype.vim 內(nèi)容如下

au BufRead,BufNewFile /etc/nginx/*,/usr/local/nginx/conf/* if &ft == '' | setfiletype nginx | endif

10）啟動服務(wù)

# service nginx start

# ss -tnalp | grep nginx

四、安裝MySQL服務(wù)器

1.安裝

# tar xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql 創(chuàng)建軟連接，易于操作

2.為數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)目錄

#mkdri -pv /mydata/data

3.新建用戶以安全方式運行進程

#groupadd -r mysql      //創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)組mysql

#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -M -D /mydata/data mysql

//創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)用戶mysql

#chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data

//設(shè)置目錄屬主屬組

4.初始化mysql

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data --user=mysql

//初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫

# chown -R root .

//設(shè)置當(dāng)前目錄所有文件屬主為root

5.提供腳本

#cd /usr/local/mysql

#cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

//設(shè)置腳本mysqld

#chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

//給腳本執(zhí)行權(quán)限

# chkconfig --add mysqld

//添加開機啟動

# chkconfig  mysqld on

6.提供配文件

#cd /usr/local/mysql

#cp support-files/my-large.cnf  /etc/my.cnf

#vim /etc/my.cnf

thread_concurrency = 2

//修改，并發(fā)線程數(shù)，bithread_concurrency的值為CPU個數(shù)乘以2

datadir = /mydata/data

#添加,mysql數(shù)據(jù)文件的存放路徑：

7.其他配置

# vim /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh

exportPATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

# source /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh

#vim /etc/man.config

MANPATH  /usr/local/mysql/man//添加此行

# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include  /usr/include/mysql

//輸出mysql的頭文件至系統(tǒng)頭文件路徑/usr/include

# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

//輸出mysql的庫文件給系統(tǒng)庫

#ldconfig   //重載系統(tǒng)庫：

8.啟動服務(wù)

# service mysqld start

# ss  -tnl | grep 3306

9.用戶初始化

#mysql

mysql> use mysql

mysql> selecthost,user,password from user;

mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '';    //刪除空用戶

mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '::1'; //刪除ipv6用戶

mysql> UPDATE user SET password = PASSWORD('Hoolee') WHERE password = '';

//為root用戶設(shè)置密碼

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

#p#
五、安裝php服務(wù)器
1.解決開發(fā)環(huán)境和依賴關(guān)系

# yum -y install bzip2-devel

# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel

# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development"

2.安裝php

# tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2

# cd /usr/src/php-5.4.26/

# ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/php --with-openssl

--with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd

--enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir

--with-png-dir --with-zlib--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml

--enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs

--with-mcrypt  --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d

--with-bz2  --enable-maintainer-zts

# make  && make install

3.提供配置文件

# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

4.為php-fpm提供腳本，并將其添加到服務(wù)列表

# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm

# chkconfig --add php-fpm

# chkconfig php-fpm on

5.為php-fpm提供配置文件

# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

6.編輯php-fpm配置文件

# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

    pm.max_children = 150

    pm.start_servers = 8

    pm.min_spare_servers = 5

    pm.max_spare_servers = 10

    pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid

    listen = 172.16.1.11:9000

7.啟動php-fpm

# service php-fpm start

# ps -aux | grep php-fpm

六、安裝php加速器xcache
1.安裝xcache

# tar xf xcache-3.0.3.tar.gz

# cd xcache-3.0.3

# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize

//phpize是用來安裝php擴展模塊的，通過phpize可以建立php的

外掛模塊，若你想在原來編譯好的php中加入memcached或者

ImageMagick等擴展模塊，就需要使用phpize

# # ./configure --enable=xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/

php-config

# make && make install

//顯示xcache模塊路徑：/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/

2.編輯配置文件，整合php + xcache

# vim xcache.ini

//添加模塊路徑

extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/xcache.so

# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/

3.重啟php-fpm

# service php-fpm restart

七、配置nginx
1.編輯/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,實現(xiàn)動靜分離

worker_processes  2; #worker進程的個數(shù)

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log  notice;    #錯誤日志路徑及級別

events {

    worker_connections  1024;    #每個worker能夠并發(fā)響應(yīng)的最大請求數(shù)

}

http {

    include       mime.types;    #支持多媒體類型

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;    #由內(nèi)核直接轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)

    #keepalive_timeout  0;

    keepalive_timeout  5;    #持久連接5s

    gzip  on;    #開啟壓縮功能

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  www.hoo.com;

        add_header X-via $server_addr;    #讓客戶端能夠看到代理服務(wù)器的IP

        location / {

            root   html;

            index  index.php index.html index.htm;

        }

        location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css)$ {  #匹配靜態(tài)內(nèi)容

            root   html;    #默認(rèn)目錄在/usr/local/nginx/html

        }

        location ~ \.php$ {  #匹配動態(tài)php文件

            root                html;

            fastcgi_pass        172.16.7.11:9000;    #代理到的服務(wù)器

            fastcgi_index       index.php;

            fastcgi_param       SCRIPT_FILENAME scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

            include             fastcgi_params;

        }

   }

}

2.編輯/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

3.重載nginx

# service nginx reload

八、安裝Memcached服務(wù)器
1.memcached特性
Memcached是一款開發(fā)工具，它既不是一個代碼加速器，也不是數(shù)據(jù)庫中間件。其設(shè)計哲學(xué)思想主要反映在如下方面：
（1）簡單key/value存儲：服務(wù)器不關(guān)心數(shù)據(jù)本身的意義及結(jié)構(gòu)，只要是可序列化數(shù)據(jù)即可。存儲項由“鍵、過期時間、可選的標(biāo)志及數(shù)據(jù)”四個部分組成；
（2）功能的實現(xiàn)一半依賴于客戶端，一半基于服務(wù)器端：客戶負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)送存儲項至服務(wù)器端、從服務(wù)端獲取數(shù)據(jù)以及無法連接至服務(wù)器時采用相應(yīng)的動作；服務(wù)端負(fù)責(zé)接收、存儲數(shù)據(jù)，并負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)項的超時過期；
（3）各服務(wù)器間彼此無視：不在服務(wù)器間進行數(shù)據(jù)同步；
（4）O(1)的執(zhí)行效率
（5）清理超期數(shù)據(jù)：默認(rèn)情況下，Memcached是一個LRU緩存，同時，它按事先預(yù)訂的時長清理超期數(shù)據(jù)；但事實上，memcached不會刪除任何已緩存數(shù)據(jù)，只是在其過期之后不再為客戶所見；而且，memcached也不會真正按期限清理緩存，而僅是當(dāng)get命令到達時檢查其時長；

2.安裝memcached

a).部署開發(fā)環(huán)境，解決依賴關(guān)系

# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" -y

# yum install -y libevent-devel


b).編譯安裝memcached

# tar xf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz

# cd memcached-1.4.15

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent

# make && make install

c).為memcached提供啟動腳本

#!/bin/bash

#

# Init file for memcached

#

# chkconfig: - 86 14

# description: Distributed memory caching daemon

#

# processname: memcached

# config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

## Default variables

PORT="11211"

USER="nobody"

MAXCONN="1024"

CACHESIZE="64"

OPTIONS=""

RETVAL=0

prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"

desc="Distributed memory caching"

lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached"

start() {

        echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): "

        daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE -o "$OPTIONS"

        RETVAL=$?

        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile || failure

        echo

        return $RETVAL

}

stop() {

        echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): "

        killproc $prog

        RETVAL=$?

        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile || failure

        echo

        return $RETVAL

}

restart() {

        stop

        start

}

reload() {

        echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): "

        killproc $prog -HUP

        RETVAL=$?

        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success || failure

        echo

        return $RETVAL

}

case "$1" in

  start)

        start

        ;;

  stop)

        stop

        ;;

  restart)

        restart

        ;;

  condrestart)

        [ -e $lockfile ] && restart

        RETVAL=$?

        ;;

  reload)

        reload

        ;;

  status)

        status $prog

        RETVAL=$?

        ;;

   *)

        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"

        RETVAL=1

esac

exit $RETVAL

d).添加memcached至服務(wù)列表

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached

# chkconfig --add memcached

# service memcached start


e).檢查是否運行

# ss -tnlp | grep 11211

九、安裝php的memcached擴展
1.安裝memcached擴展

# tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz

# cd memcache-2.2.7

# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize

# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache

# make && make install

2.編輯配置文件，整合php + memcached

# vim xcache.ini

//添加模塊路徑

extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/memcache.so

3.重啟php-fpm

# service php-fpm restart

4.對memcached功能進行測試，在網(wǎng)站目錄中建立測試頁面test.php

//php服務(wù)器

# vim test.php

$mem = new Memcache;

$mem->connect("172.16.1.13", 11211)  or die("Could not connect");

$version = $mem->getVersion();

echo "Server's version: ".$version."
\n";

$mem->set('hellokey', 'Hello World', 0, 600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server");

echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)
\n";

$get_result = $mem->get('hellokey');

echo "$get_result is from memcached server.";

?>

~

測試訪問即可。
5.安裝wordpress測試訪問即可
十、安裝memadmin-master查看memcached狀態(tài)信息
1.解壓即可使用

//解壓至php服務(wù)器/usr/local/nginx/html/

# unzip memadmin-master.zip

2.測試訪問
www.hoo.com/memadmin-master

網(wǎng)站題目：Web服務(wù)之LNMMP架構(gòu)及動靜分離實現(xiàn)
分享地址：http://m.5511xx.com/article/cdhochp.html

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新聞中心

三、安裝nginx服務(wù)器

四、安裝MySQL服務(wù)器

2.安裝memcached

其他資訊

三、安裝nginx服務(wù)器