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單臂路由實戰(zhàn)講解
單臂路由（router-on-a-stick）是指在路由器的一個接口上通過配置子接口（或“邏輯接口”，并不存在真正物理接口）的方式，實現(xiàn)原來相互隔離的不同VLAN（虛擬局域網(wǎng)）之間的互聯(lián)互通。
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實驗步驟
新建 packer tracer 拓撲圖
當交換機設(shè)置兩個 Vlan 時，邏輯上已經(jīng)成為兩個網(wǎng)絡(luò)，廣播被隔離了。兩個 Vlan 的網(wǎng)絡(luò)要通信，必須通過路由器，如果接入路由器的一個物理端口，則必須有兩個子接口分別與兩個 Vlan 對應(yīng)，同時還要求與路由器相連得交換機的端口 fa 0/1 要設(shè)置為 trunk，因為這個接口要通過兩個 Vlan 的數(shù)據(jù)包。
檢查設(shè)置情況，應(yīng)該能夠正確的看到 Vlan 和 Trunk 信息。
計算機的網(wǎng)關(guān)分別指向路由器的子接口。
配置子接口，開啟路由器物理接口。
默認封裝 dot1q 協(xié)議。
配置路由器子接口 IP 地址。
實驗設(shè)備
PC 2 臺；Router_2811 1 臺；Switch_2960 1 臺
PC1
IP: 192.168.1.2
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway:192.168.1.1
PC2
IP: 192.168.2.2
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway:192.168.2.1
Switch
en
conf t
vlan 2
exit
vlan 3
exit
interface fastEthernet 0/2
switchport access vlan 2
exit
int fa 0/3
switchport access vlan 3
exit
int fa 0/1
switchport mode trunk
end
show vlan
Router
en
conf t
int fa 0/0
no shutdown
exit
interface fast 0/0.1
encapsulation dot1q 2 #將以太網(wǎng)子接口0/0.1劃分到vlan 2，并且封裝格式為802.1q
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
exit
int fa 0/0.2
encapsulation dot1q 3 #將以太網(wǎng)子接口0/0.2劃分到vlan 3，并且封裝格式為802.1q
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
end
show ip route
實戰(zhàn)演練
配置交換機
Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#vlan 2
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 3
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#int fa 0/2
Switch(config-if)#sw access vlan 2
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#int fa 0/3
Switch(config-if)#sw access vlan 3
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#int fa 0/1
Switch(config-if)#sw mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#end
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Switch#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6
Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10
Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1, Gig1/2
2 VLAN0002 active Fa0/2
3 VLAN0003 active Fa0/3
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
2 enet 100002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
3 enet 100003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
--More--
配置路由器
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int fa 0/0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int fa 0/0.1
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up
Router(config-subif)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 2 #將以太網(wǎng)子接口0/0.1劃分到vlan 2，并且封裝格式為802.1q
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config)#int fa 0/0.2
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0.2, changed state to up
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 3 #將以太網(wǎng)子接口0/0.2劃分到vlan 3，并且封裝格式為802.1q
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#end
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.2
Router#
測試
PC1 ping PC2
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1
PC>ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=23ms TTL=127
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 20ms, Maximum = 23ms, Average = 21ms
PC>ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=19ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=21ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=127
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 19ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 22ms
PC2 ping PC1
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.2.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.1
PC>ping 192.168.1.2
Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=26ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=21ms TTL=127
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 21ms, Maximum = 26ms, Average = 23ms
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