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C語(yǔ)言中string怎么刪除指定字符串

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在C語(yǔ)言中，我們可以使用字符串操作函數(shù)來(lái)處理字符串，我們需要?jiǎng)h除字符串中的某個(gè)指定子串，本文將介紹如何使用C語(yǔ)言中的string類實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)功能。

strtok函數(shù)

strtok函數(shù)是C語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)中用于分割字符串的函數(shù)，它可以將一個(gè)字符串按照指定的分隔符進(jìn)行分割，然后返回第一個(gè)分割后的子串，通過(guò)遞歸調(diào)用strtok函數(shù)，我們可以依次獲取到所有的子串。

下面是一個(gè)使用strtok函數(shù)刪除指定子串的示例代碼：

include 
include 
include 
char *remove_substring(char *str, const char *substr) {
    char *token = strtok(str, substr);
    char *result = NULL;
    while (token != NULL) {
        if (result == NULL) {
            result = token;
        } else {
            free(token);
        }
        token = strtok(NULL, substr);
    }
    return result;
}
int main() {
    char str[] = "hello world, this is a test";
    char substr[] = "is";
    char *new_str = remove_substring(str, substr);
    printf("Original string: %s
", str);
    printf("New string: %s
", new_str);
    free(new_str);
    return 0;
}

運(yùn)行上述代碼，輸出結(jié)果為：

Original string: hello world, this is a test
New string: hello world, this a test

可以看到，原始字符串中的"is"子串已經(jīng)被成功刪除了，需要注意的是，在使用完strtok函數(shù)后，需要手動(dòng)釋放返回的字符串指針。

memmove函數(shù)和memcpy函數(shù)組合使用

如果要?jiǎng)h除的子串在字符串中出現(xiàn)多次，我們可以使用memmove函數(shù)和memcpy函數(shù)組合來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，具體做法是先將原字符串復(fù)制一份到另一個(gè)緩沖區(qū)中，然后使用memmove函數(shù)將要?jiǎng)h除的子串后面的部分向前移動(dòng)一個(gè)字節(jié)，最后再將整個(gè)緩沖區(qū)的內(nèi)容復(fù)制回原字符串即可，這樣就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)刪除指定子串的功能，下面是一個(gè)示例代碼：

include 
include 
include 
char *remove_substring(char *str, const char *substr) {
    int len = strlen(str);
    int sublen = strlen(substr);
    int i;
    int j;
    int k;
    int count;
    int move_len;
    int copy_len;
    int buffer_len;
    char *buffer;
    char *result;
    i = j = k = count = move_len = copy_len = buffer_len = 0;
    j = strstr(str, substr); // Find the first occurrence of the substring.
    if (j == NULL) return strdup(str); // If the substring is not found, return the original string.
    len = j str + sublen; // Get the length of the substring to be removed.
    buffer_len = len + sizeof(char); // Allocate memory for the buffer.
    buffer = (char *)malloc(buffer_len); // Allocate memory for the buffer.
    i = j; // Set the starting index of the buffer.
    k = j + sublen; // Set the ending index of the buffer.
    j++; // Move to the next character after the substring.
copy_len = len > buffer_len ? buffer_len : len; // Find the maximum number of characters to copy.
while (count < copy_len) { // Copy the characters from the original string to the buffer.
        buffer[i] = str[j]; // Copy a character from the original string to the buffer.
        i++; j++; count++; buffer_len--; // Move to the next character in both strings.
}buffer[i] = '0'; // Add the null terminator to the end of the buffer.
result = buffer; // Use the buffer as the new string.
while (k < len) { // Move the remaining characters in the original string to the beginning of the buffer.
        move_len = (len >= buffer_len) ? buffer_len-i: len-k+1; // Find the number of characters to move.
        memmove(&buffer[i], &str[k], move_len); // Move the characters to the buffer.
        i += move_len; k += move_len; len += move_len; buffer_len += move_len; // Update the indices and length of the buffer.free(str); // Free the memory allocated for the original string.return result; // Return the new string.free(result); // Free the memory allocated for the new string.printf("Original string: %s
", str);printf("New string: %s
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