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捕獲組就是把正則表達(dá)式中子表達(dá)式匹配的內(nèi)容,保存到內(nèi)存中以數(shù)字編號(hào)或顯式命名的組里,方便后面引用。當(dāng)然,這種引用既可以是在正則表達(dá)式內(nèi)部,也可以是在正則表達(dá)式外部。

捕獲組分為:
-
普通捕獲組(Expression)
-
命名捕獲組(?Expression)
普通捕獲組
從正則表達(dá)式左側(cè)開始,每出現(xiàn)一個(gè)左括號(hào)”(“記做一個(gè)分組,分組編號(hào)從 1 開始。0 代表整個(gè)表達(dá)式。
對(duì)于時(shí)間字符串:2017-04-25,表達(dá)式如下
(\\d{4})-((\\d{2})-(\\d{2}))
有 4 個(gè)左括號(hào),所以有 4 個(gè)分組:
| 編號(hào) | 捕獲組 | 匹配 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | (\d{4})-((\d{2})-(\d{2})) | 2017-04-25 |
| 1 | (\d{4}) | 2017 |
| 2 | ((\d{2})-(\d{2})) | 04-25 |
| 3 | (\d{2}) | 04 |
| 4 | (\d{2}) | 25 |
public static final String DATE_STRING = "2017-04-25";
public static final String P_COMM = "(\\d{4})-((\\d{2})-(\\d{2}))";
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(P_COMM);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(DATE_STRING);
matcher.find();//必須要有這句
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(0) value:%s", matcher.group(0));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(1) value:%s", matcher.group(1));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(2) value:%s", matcher.group(2));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(3) value:%s", matcher.group(3));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(4) value:%s", matcher.group(4));
命名捕獲組
每個(gè)以左括號(hào)開始的捕獲組,都緊跟著 ?,而后才是正則表達(dá)式。
對(duì)于時(shí)間字符串:2017-04-25,表達(dá)式如下:
(?\\d{4})-(?(?\\d{2})-(?\\d{2}))
有 4 個(gè)命名的捕獲組,分別是:
| 編號(hào) | 名稱 | 捕獲組 | 匹配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | (?\d{4})-(?(?\d{2})-(?\d{2})) | 2017-04-25 |
| 1 | year | (?\d{4})- | 2017 |
| 2 | md | (?(?\d{2})-(?\d{2})) | 04-25 |
| 3 | month | (?\d{2}) | 04 |
| 4 | date | (?\d{2}) | 25 |
public static final String P_NAMED = "(?\\d{4})-(?(?\\d{2})-(?\\d{2}))";
public static final String DATE_STRING = "2017-04-25";
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(P_NAMED);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(DATE_STRING);
matcher.find();
System.out.printf("\n===========使用名稱獲取=============");
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(0) value:%s", matcher.group(0));
System.out.printf("\n matcher.group('year') value:%s", matcher.group("year"));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group('md') value:%s", matcher.group("md"));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group('month') value:%s", matcher.group("month"));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group('date') value:%s", matcher.group("date"));
matcher.reset();
System.out.printf("\n===========使用編號(hào)獲取=============");
matcher.find();
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(0) value:%s", matcher.group(0));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(1) value:%s", matcher.group(1));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(2) value:%s", matcher.group(2));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(3) value:%s", matcher.group(3));
System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(4) value:%s", matcher.group(4));
PS:非捕獲組
在左括號(hào)后緊跟 ?:,而后再加上正則表達(dá)式,構(gòu)成非捕獲組 (?:Expression)。
對(duì)于時(shí)間字符串:2017-04-25,表達(dá)式如下:
(?:\\d{4})-((\\d{2})-(\\d{2}))
這個(gè)正則表達(dá)式雖然有四個(gè)左括號(hào),理論上有 4 個(gè)捕獲組。但是第一組 (?:\d{4}),其實(shí)是被忽略的。當(dāng)使用 matcher.group(4) 時(shí),系統(tǒng)會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)。
| 編號(hào) | 捕獲組 | 匹配 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | (\d{4})-((\d{2})-(\d{2})) | 2017-04-25 |
| 1 | ((\d{2})-(\d{2})) | 04-25 |
| 2 | (\d{2}) | 04 |
| 3 | (\d{2}) | 25 |
總結(jié)
-
普通捕獲組使用方便;
-
命名捕獲組使用清晰;
-
非捕獲組目前在項(xiàng)目中還沒有用武之地。
分享名稱:講解一下Java正則表達(dá)式捕獲組
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